【被动语态专项练习】在英语学习中，被动语态是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅能够帮助我们更清晰地表达动作的承受者，还能使语言更加正式或客观。掌握被动语态的用法，对于提高写作和口语表达能力都有很大帮助。
一、什么是被动语态？
被动语态是相对于主动语态而言的一种句式结构。在主动语态中，句子的主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中，主语则是动作的承受者。被动语态的基本结构为：
be + 过去分词（p.p.）
例如：
- 主动语态：The teacher praised the student.
- 被动语态：The student was praised by the teacher.
二、常见时态的被动语态结构
| 时态 | 被动语态结构 |
|------|----------------|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + 过去分词 |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + 过去分词 |
| 一般将来时 | will be + 过去分词 |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are being + 过去分词 |
| 过去进行时 | was/were being + 过去分词 |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + 过去分词 |
| 过去完成时 | had been + 过去分词 |
三、被动语态的使用场景
1. 强调动作的承受者
当我们想突出动作的接受者而不是执行者时，常使用被动语态。
例句：The new law was passed last week.
2. 不知道或不重要是谁执行了动作
如果说话者不知道或不想明确指出动作的执行者，可以使用被动语态。
例句：The window was broken.
3. 用于正式或书面语
在科技、新闻、学术等正式场合中，被动语态更为常见。
例句：The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
四、被动语态与主动语态的转换
将主动语态转换为被动语态时，需要注意以下几点：
- 主语变为宾语，宾语变为主语；
- 动词由主动形式改为被动形式；
- “by”短语表示动作的执行者（可省略）。
例如：
- 主动：They built the house in 2010.
- 被动：The house was built in 2010.
五、常见错误及注意事项
1. 混淆“be + 过去分词”与“be + 现在分词”
- 正确：The book is written by her.
- 错误：The book is writing by her.
2. 忽略“by”短语
- 正确：The cake was made by my mother.
- 错误：The cake was made my mother.
3. 时态不一致
- 正确：The report has been finished.
- 错误：The report has been finish.
六、专项练习题
一、选择正确的被动语态形式填空：
1. The letter ______ (send) yesterday.
2. The problem ______ (solve) by the team.
3. A new bridge ______ (build) next year.
4. The room ______ (clean) now.
5. The movie ______ (watch) by millions of people.
二、将下列句子改为被动语态：
1. They painted the wall blue.
2. She wrote a letter to her friend.
3. The company will launch a new product.
4. He is repairing the car.
5. We have completed the project.
三、判断下列句子是否正确，如有错误请改正：
1. The book was readed by me.
2. The door is open.
3. The cake was making by my sister.
4. The meeting is going to be held tomorrow.
5. The children were playing in the garden when it rained.
通过不断的练习和积累，你一定能够熟练掌握被动语态的用法，并在实际交流中灵活运用。希望这篇练习能帮助你在英语学习的道路上更进一步！
