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定语从句知识点总结精讲练习

2025-08-09 13:26:49

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2025-08-09 13:26:49

定语从句知识点总结精讲练习】在英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法点,它不仅能够增强句子的表达能力,还能让语言更加丰富和准确。掌握好定语从句,有助于我们在写作和口语中更自如地表达自己的想法。本文将对定语从句的基本结构、引导词的使用以及常见考点进行系统性的讲解与练习。

一、什么是定语从句?

定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句,用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为“先行词”,而引导从句的词称为“关系词”或“关系代词/副词”。

例如:

- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.

(“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句,修饰“book”。)

二、定语从句的引导词

定语从句的引导词主要有以下几种类型:

1. 关系代词

- who:指人,作主语或宾语

- The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.

- whom:指人,作宾语(口语中常省略)

- The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.

- which:指物,作主语或宾语

- The car which is parked outside is mine.

- that:既可指人也可指物,作主语或宾语

- The student that failed the exam is my classmate.

> 注意:在非限制性定语从句中,不能用“that”;在正式书面语中,“whom”仍可使用,但在口语中常被“who”代替。

2. 关系副词

- when:表示时间,修饰时间名词

- I still remember the day when we first met.

- where:表示地点,修饰地点名词

- This is the house where I was born.

- why:表示原因,修饰“reason”等词

- That’s the reason why he left.

三、定语从句的分类

根据从句是否限制先行词,定语从句可以分为两种:

1. 限制性定语从句

- 对先行词起限定作用,若去掉则句子意思不完整。

- 不用逗号隔开。

- 例子:

- The man who is standing there is my uncle.

(如果去掉“who is standing there”,句子变成“The man is my uncle”,意思模糊。)

2. 非限制性定语从句

- 对先行词进行补充说明,不影响句子基本含义。

- 用逗号隔开。

- 例子:

- My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us.

(即使去掉从句,句子依然通顺:“My brother is coming to visit us。”)

四、定语从句的注意事项

1. 关系词的选择:

- 根据先行词是人还是物选择“who/whom/that”或“which”。

- 如果关系词在从句中作宾语,可以省略(尤其在口语中)。

2. 介词+关系代词:

- 在某些情况下,介词后接“which”或“whom”。

- 例如:

- The girl to whom you spoke is my friend.

- The house in which we live is very old.

3. 避免重复:

- 在定语从句中,不要重复使用先行词。

五、典型例题与解析

例题1:

The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very useful.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. whom

解析:

先行词是“book”,指物,所以用“which”或“that”。由于从句中缺少主语,因此用“which”或“that”都可以。答案选 A 或 B。

例题2:

The man ______ you met yesterday is my teacher.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

解析:

先行词是“man”,指人,且从句中“you met”缺少宾语,可用“whom”或“who”或“that”。答案选 A、B 或 C。

六、练习题(附答案)

1. The girl ______ is standing by the door is my sister.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. when

2. The city ______ I was born is very beautiful.

A. where

B. when

C. why

D. which

3. The person ______ helped me was a stranger.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. that

4. The reason ______ he left was not clear.

A. why

B. which

C. where

D. when

5. The house ______ we visited last summer is now for sale.

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. when

答案:

1. A

2. A

3. A/D

4. A

5. A

七、总结

定语从句是英语语法中的重点内容,理解其结构和用法对于提高英语综合能力至关重要。通过不断练习和积累,我们可以更熟练地运用定语从句,使表达更加地道、自然。希望本文能帮助你更好地掌握这一语法点!

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