【定语从句知识点总结精讲练习】在英语学习中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法点,它不仅能够增强句子的表达能力,还能让语言更加丰富和准确。掌握好定语从句,有助于我们在写作和口语中更自如地表达自己的想法。本文将对定语从句的基本结构、引导词的使用以及常见考点进行系统性的讲解与练习。
一、什么是定语从句?
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句,用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为“先行词”,而引导从句的词称为“关系词”或“关系代词/副词”。
例如:
- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句,修饰“book”。)
二、定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词主要有以下几种类型:
1. 关系代词
- who:指人,作主语或宾语
- The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.
- whom:指人,作宾语(口语中常省略)
- The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.
- which:指物,作主语或宾语
- The car which is parked outside is mine.
- that:既可指人也可指物,作主语或宾语
- The student that failed the exam is my classmate.
> 注意:在非限制性定语从句中,不能用“that”;在正式书面语中,“whom”仍可使用,但在口语中常被“who”代替。
2. 关系副词
- when:表示时间,修饰时间名词
- I still remember the day when we first met.
- where:表示地点,修饰地点名词
- This is the house where I was born.
- why:表示原因,修饰“reason”等词
- That’s the reason why he left.
三、定语从句的分类
根据从句是否限制先行词,定语从句可以分为两种:
1. 限制性定语从句
- 对先行词起限定作用,若去掉则句子意思不完整。
- 不用逗号隔开。
- 例子:
- The man who is standing there is my uncle.
(如果去掉“who is standing there”,句子变成“The man is my uncle”,意思模糊。)
2. 非限制性定语从句
- 对先行词进行补充说明,不影响句子基本含义。
- 用逗号隔开。
- 例子:
- My brother, who lives in Beijing, is coming to visit us.
(即使去掉从句,句子依然通顺:“My brother is coming to visit us。”)
四、定语从句的注意事项
1. 关系词的选择:
- 根据先行词是人还是物选择“who/whom/that”或“which”。
- 如果关系词在从句中作宾语,可以省略(尤其在口语中)。
2. 介词+关系代词:
- 在某些情况下,介词后接“which”或“whom”。
- 例如:
- The girl to whom you spoke is my friend.
- The house in which we live is very old.
3. 避免重复:
- 在定语从句中,不要重复使用先行词。
五、典型例题与解析
例题1:
The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very useful.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
解析:
先行词是“book”,指物,所以用“which”或“that”。由于从句中缺少主语,因此用“which”或“that”都可以。答案选 A 或 B。
例题2:
The man ______ you met yesterday is my teacher.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
解析:
先行词是“man”,指人,且从句中“you met”缺少宾语,可用“whom”或“who”或“that”。答案选 A、B 或 C。
六、练习题(附答案)
1. The girl ______ is standing by the door is my sister.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. when
2. The city ______ I was born is very beautiful.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. which
3. The person ______ helped me was a stranger.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
4. The reason ______ he left was not clear.
A. why
B. which
C. where
D. when
5. The house ______ we visited last summer is now for sale.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. when
答案:
1. A
2. A
3. A/D
4. A
5. A
七、总结
定语从句是英语语法中的重点内容,理解其结构和用法对于提高英语综合能力至关重要。通过不断练习和积累,我们可以更熟练地运用定语从句,使表达更加地道、自然。希望本文能帮助你更好地掌握这一语法点!